China 
Shandong Province (Summer 2011)

• Preliminary Interviews with factory managers and workers

Yangtze Delta Area (May-September 2012)

• Conducted a comparative study of Guangdong and Yangtze Delta area 
• Visited factories in Nantong, Kunshan, Shanghai, and Nanjing
• Conducted archival research in Shanghai 

Guangdong Province (2012-2017)

• Conducted in-depth interviews with factory managers, labor activists, workers, and government officials.
• Volunteered in a workers' center in Shenzhen where I got to know many workers and activists. 
• Administered an original survey in Shenzhen during summer 2013.

Henan Province (Summer 2017)

• Conducted interviews with workers and factory managers at low-skilled and high-skilled factories

Korea
Seoul (2021-2023) 

• Interviews with college students in four universities 
• Interviews with HR personnel in firms

Busan (2022) 

• Interviews with college students and graduates in two universities